Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is both the most common and most aggressive primary brain malignancy.¹ Despite advances in treatment, prognosis remains poor, with patients surviving an average of 15-18 months from time of diagnosis.² Given the nature of this malignancy, it is also associated with proportionately...

Case study step 1

A 70-year-old man presented to his GP with urinary frequency. Digital examination was suggestive of malignancy and he was referred to a urologist

His Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 9.8 micrograms/L. Transrectal biopsy showed Gleason grade 7 adenocarcinoma of the prostate....