Overview

The inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders with an increasing incidence and prevalence, which frequently affect women in their reproductive years.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising two major disorders – ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease...

Clinical practice is shaped by international guidelines that rely on randomised trials to inform recommendations where possible. However, a key challenge is the under-representation of women, both as participants and investigators, in the majority of these trials.¹ Figure 1, reproduced from Burgess et al,²...

A history of breast cancer is a common reason for referral to the complex menopause clinic and constitutes a large proportion of the cases seen. Breast cancer, and sex hormone sensitive cancers such as endometrial cancer and some types of ovarian cancers, are considered contraindications to the use of hormone...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is at endemic levels worldwide and is currently the leading cause of death among both men and women. Heart attacks in women account for one-third of deaths globally.¹ In this modern age of medicine, women have worse outcomes and a higher mortality risk than men. This multifactorial...

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is not the same as menopause that occurs at the expected life stage. POI, or premature menopause as it is also known, affects women/those with ovaries before they reach the age of 40. The term POI was coined in 1942 by Fuller Allbright et al¹ who first reported that the...