The idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) is a clinically-diagnosed symptom complex consisting of frequency, urgency and nocturia with or without urge associated urinary continence. This complex assumes no underlying cause as a source of bladder dysfunction. The alternate term of detrusor overactivity on the other...

Case study 1

A 48-year-old male is referred to urology outpatients with urgency, occasional urge incontinence, daytime urinary frequency and nocturia. He is on no regular medications and has no past medical or surgical history

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs) encompass a variety of symptoms resulting...

Urinary incontinence, defined by the International Continence Society as “the complaint of any involuntary urinary leakage” is a common and under-reported symptom.¹

The prevalence of urinary incontinence is rising with the growth of an ageing population, thus making it imperative for clinicians to be well...

The bladder is an incredibly complex organ, which develops from the anterior cloaca, a structure that has exquisite evolutionary conservatism, as it performs a vital task across phyla of species from birds to reptiles to mammals, with only small adjustments across species. Interestingly, humans are one of the...

The two functional roles of the bladder are storage and elimination of urine. Urinary incontinence (UI), the involuntary leakage of urine, remains undetected and undertreated worldwide despite its substantial impact on quality of life, including social, emotional and economic aspects.¹

The two most common...