Recent decades have seen great advances in the medical management of HIV, including HIV prevention. In 2019, people diagnosed with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can expect to have a near-normal life expectancy.¹ Further, a person living with HIV virologically suppressed on ART will not transmit the...

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterised by abnormal thought processes, along with disturbances in behaviour, mood and perception of reality. It usually presents during adolescence or young adulthood (16-30 years) with men reaching a peak vulnerability somewhat earlier (age 16-25) than females (age 25-30), and...

A 73-year-old man was admitted to hospital for pain control. He had recently been diagnosed with a left upper lobe lung tumour which was invading the brachial plexus. His main complaint was that of a sharp left-sided chest pain. He described a severe deep burning pain which radiated down his left arm. He also...

The two functional roles of the bladder are storage and elimination of urine. Urinary incontinence (UI), the involuntary leakage of urine, remains undetected and undertreated worldwide despite its substantial impact on quality of life, including social, emotional and economic aspects.¹

The two most common...

Dystonia is a neurological syndrome in which the mechanism which allows muscles to relax can no longer function normally.¹ This causes involuntary spasm and contraction, along with uncontrollable repetitive or twisting movements of opposing muscles, resulting in the characteristic abnormal and awkward postures...